Funders & Capital Sources
Climate Capital Stack: Philanthropies, CSR, Venture Capital & Institutional Investors
Climate Capital Stack
The climate finance ecosystem spans multiple capital types, from early-stage grants to growth equity. Each layer serves different risk-return profiles and impact horizons.
Philanthropies & CSR Funders by Sector
Note: This is not an exhaustive list. Major Indian CSR funders include Tata Group, Reliance Foundation, Infosys, HDFC, ITC, Mahindra, Godrej, and JSW.
India-Focused Climate Investors
Climate Finance Gap Analysis
$170B Annual Shortfall
India needs $223B/year for NDC commitments; current flows are ~$49B annually. 76% gap remains unfunded.
Adaptation Underfunded
Only 6% of climate finance goes to adaptation. Mitigation receives 94% despite equal urgency.
Domestic Capital Constraints
Banks face asset-liability mismatch for 20-year climate projects. Green bond market nascent at $20B.
Blended Finance Models
First-loss capital from philanthropy can de-risk commercial investment. 1:4 to 1:8 leverage ratios possible.